Firsts

It has been a year! Here are some of the things I've done in the past year:

1) Forgot / lost passport, had to travel 3 hours to get it back
2) Setup an experiment using somewhat dangerous radiation while I was suffering a headache from lack of sleep
3) Was the last person on a plane, having nearly missed it (this experience is over-rated)
4) Laid out a portion of an integrated ciricuit that (if it works, crosses fingers!) will have 5.12 GBps going through it
5) Lost PhD topic
5.5) Lost PhD topic
6) Found PhD topic (errrr.....I think?)
7) Went all-in and won a poker pot, went all-in and lost a poker pot, successfully spotted a bluff at a poker table, successfully set a trap at a poker table
8) Gone to one of those fancy European clubs in Paris (it was worse than I thought and I will not be returning)
9) Bought plane tickets, booked a hotel, flew on plane and checked into hotel within 5 hours of one another
10) Successfully found apartment in a foreign country and moved into it from another apartment
11) Gotten a first-hand view of how difficult it is to be an immigrant
12) Earned the title Expatriate

Things I haven't done:

1) Successfully had a conversation in Dutch (I haven't had many successful ones in English over here, either)
2) Joined a choir
3) Written a paper (I'm working on one right now, and I have two in various stages of the paper pipeline)
4) Used tools to go from VHDL to ASIC

By the numbers:

Guitars purchased - 1
Bicycles purchased - 1
Haircuts - 2
"Original" research ideas that someone else had actually tried but adviser didn't know about - 3
Canned hot dogs consumed - 4
Moose seen - 4 (two real, two mascots)
Shoes purchased - 6
Countries book was purchased in - 5 (6 if you separate England and Scotland, 7 if you include online purchases)
Countries "visited" - 7 (Scotland, US, Canada, Switzerland, Ghana, France, Belgium)
Passport resources used - 27 boxes from stamps, 2 pages from visas
Train tickets purchased - ~100 (I go through about 8 a month)
PB&J Sandwichs consumed - ~150 (they have this awesome sour cherry jam over here)
Emails sent - 2,088 (more than I thought, 25 were to myself)
Emails received - 2,698 (fewer than I thought)
Most lines of code written in a single day - ~3,200 (most of it was test code...firmware test code can be pretty massive to go through the appropriate states)
Lines of code written overall - ~16,000 (again, around 14,000 lines are test code)
Heartbeats - ~37,000,000 (the heart is a work of art)

And finally:

Dutch postcards sent - 0 (yeeeeeeeah...I still owe a lot of people postcards.....)

$500 for a Bicycle

The Freakonomics blog has a great post on the cost of bicycles in bicycle-crazy Portland:

Yeah, the bike guy answered, he had something super-cheap for me ... I could have it, he said, for $475.

So I went to another store. Same deal, more or less. There was one bike for $275, but it was a girl’s Raleigh from the 1960’s with a wicker basket.

...

At Portland’s Costco, meanwhile — on the outskirts of the city — you can buy a brand-new Schwinn Midtown city bike with Shimano shifters for around $200. But, according to the clerk there, those Schwinns aren’t moving.

I bought an inexpensive, new bicycle in Delft for just over $500, though the university reimbursed most of the cost through a travel program. I was expecting to find a nice, new one for around $250.

We don't have CostCo here, and sadly Ikea doesn't sell bicycles. I'll just keep dreaming.

A Test for Rental Scams

I'm looking for an apartment, and I seem to get an awful lot of e-mails from people that have beautiful apartments for low, low prices but for whatever reason they won't show me the places. Or they say they'll meet me and when I show up a confused woman answers the door and says, "No, there is no apartment for rent here."

Today I'm going to describe to you how you can check if you are being scammed. Go into your email client and turn on all of the headers (in Thunderbird, this is View->Headers->All). You'll see a giant chain of "received" headers that look like:

Received: from [216.252.122.218] by n75.bullet.mail.sp1.yahoo.com with NNFMP;
          22 Jul 2009 20:09:46 -0000
Received: from [67.195.9.83] by t3.bullet.sp1.yahoo.com with NNFMP;
          22 Jul 2009 20:09:46 -0000
Received: from [67.195.9.105] by t3.bullet.mail.gq1.yahoo.com with NNFMP;
          22 Jul 2009 20:09:46 -0000
Received: from [127.0.0.1] by omp109.mail.gq1.yahoo.com with NNFMP;
          22 Jul 2009 20:09:46 -0000

At one end of these headers will be your e-mail provider, while at the other end will be the IP address of the computer that sent the email address:

Received: from SRV502.tudelft.net ([131.180.4.18]) by ...
...
...
...
Received: from [41.205.182.125] by web111904.mail.gq1.yahoo.com via HTTP;
          Wed, 22 Jul 2009 13:09:45 PDT

Sometimes the address of the originating computer is listed a bit differently:

Received: from BLU116-W26 ([65.55.116.72]) by ...
X-Originating-IP: [62.173.35.6]

The person might have masked the IP of their computer, but this is complicated and most scammers are idiots. Anyways, you can take this IP to a handy geolocation look-up service and find out the originating location.

IP: 41.205.182.125
Host: dial-pool07.ab.starcomms.net
Country: Nigeria

Every now and then the country won't be listed, but the host name you get back has information you can use to determine the country. For example, 62.173.35.6 resolves to 35-6.rv.ipnxtelecoms.com but the geolocation service doesn't give a country for this IP. ipNX Telecom has its headquarters in...Lagos, Nigeria.

I suppose in the future I'll have to screen any email about apartments. Sometimes I really hate people.

EDIT: Your email client actually uses the same method I describe above to label some emails as being probable scams. Usually IP blocks assigned to certain ISPs and sometimes even entire countries are labeled as suspect.

Sentences that Make Me Laugh

If we ignore (thing one), (thing two), (thing three), (thing four) and assume (thing five), then the problem becomes tractable using only elementary results from field X.

Sadly I wrote the sentence...though it was followed by:

Subsequent sections will discuss the effects of (thing one), (thing two), (thing three) and (thing five), cumulating with results from a simulation including all these effects. The authors plan to revisit (thing four) in later work.

Planning to revisit something is a total cop-out.

CEOs and Pay

While I was home the issue of executive compensation came up several times. I'm a person who thinks that a CEO could easily deserve tens of millions a year or more. The main reason behind this is two-fold.

First, I've worked at a company that has undergone restructuring at a management level. From personal experience, small changes in strategic direction have a massive impact on people at the bottom of the "job-food" chain. It is easy to lose months, probably even years of work because someone above you made the wrong call. Since a CEO helps determine the strategic direction of the company, it seems reasonable to me that the pay of the CEO should scale with the sum pay of every other member of the company.

Second, there are a few studies which show a CEO's personal circumstances can have a percentage-point effect on a company's performance. A great example is a study of the effect on profit by a death in the immediate family of a CEO. Excerpt:

Sorting by the number of children we find the biggest effects on firm profitability in cases where the CEO only has one child. Specifically, one-child death shocks correlate with a 5 percentage point decline in firm profitability irrespective of the age of the child.

The study goes on to show that the deaths of a spouse or child are significant events for a firm. I think the study underscores the importance of choosing the correct CEO. Though the study doesn't show the variation in profit during standard circumstances, to me it seems like a reasonable conclusion that variations in a CEO's ability to carry themselves through tough times will have a large effect on firm profit. For a company with hundreds of billions in profits per year, like an oil company, the CEO's personal circumstances could have an effect in the billion dollar range, meaning if the CEO themselves only received a fraction of this pay it would still be in the tens of millions range.

My math is a bit fuzzy here, but as always you're welcome to disagree in the comments and point out any mistakes I've made.

It's All About the Teachers

I've been on vacation for the past, well, month, and I had a lot of interesting conversations. Aside from the very personal ones, the most engaging ones were on the topic of teachers. I had lunch with an old class-mate who is now a teacher at a high school. We talked a little bit about evaluating teachers. There isn't really a coherent point to this post, but if there was it would be that there is enormous room for improvement in the way we allocate resources to educate and invest in our next generation.

There is a lot of interesting quantitative data in how we invest in students. My class-mate and I talked about how too many smart people opt out of teaching. As the feminist movement has matured, a lot of really smart women no longer become teachers and the quality of teachers has suffered. I think the take-away is not that the feminist movement is bad, but rather we as a society don't have a great understanding of the importance of good teachers.

Another subject we talked about was the politics of teaching. If you haven't heard it, I suggest the TED speech of Bill Gates, the education portion begins at about 8 minutes. He talks, amongst other things, about how it is illegal in New York to use performance-based data to evaluate a teacher's performance. Coincidentally my old class-mate was for qualitative data like committees but against quantitative performance-based data. She claimed the quantitative data would have too much variance. I think I dissuaded her from this stance, but I do agree that quantitative data is not perfect. Any one metric can be taken advantage of. As an engineer, however, I have more faith in a well-designed system with numbers than a well-designed system with committees.

Finally, we went over the cost of education at private schools. There is a huge debate about whether private schools outperform public schools. The debate is quite contentious, especially when trying to account for socioeconomic and ethnic diversity factors. She said that public schools are critical to integrating immigrants into society. I do not have a great link to summarize this stance, as I haven't seen anything like this online - please comment and send along a link if you have one. I said that I thought public schools were wasteful due to the political pressure and lack of transparency into the teachers.

Anyways, I think the high level take-away is that evaluating teacher performance is a complex problem that has to touch politics and statistics, though a lot of information suggests there are inefficiencies. It would be interesting to attempt to evaluate schools, but creating a non-partisan report that accurately represents the facts seems to be near impossible. The only thing I know for sure is that I don't have a clue how parents choose schools for their children.

Big Pimpin'

Sometimes it helps to remember your fashion roots.


Only a select few can go pantsless with combat boots and diapers. I am one of these few.


Sometimes, though, you've got to break out those whale pants.


When I was big in the 80's, I wore jump suits for a while. I think my life-long relationship with red started around this time.



I also tried the grunge scene in the 80's. Or the potato chip scene. They were kinda the same thing.



After the grunge scene I classed it up a little.



Speaking of classy, nothing says classy like gray shoes and a bow tie.



Sometimes it was hard being with other people who didn't get it. Going as a mouse to Halloween was so last year. Being a pre-schooler was where it was at.

Toilets Evolved?

How awesome is evolution?

Using isotopic analysis, they estimate that shrew feces deposited in N. lowii’s pitchers are a significant source of nitrogen for the plants...Tree shrews visit the plants to eat nectar that oozes from the bowl’s open lid, positioning themselves directly over the bowl

Nature, how about you evolve me a starship? I promise I'll provide it with nutrients.

Errrrr, maybe I'll just build it myself.

Also, this is at least my fourth post on toilets, and those are just the ones I've tagged. How disturbing.

Shushing Doom

According to space.com, the military is shushing incoming space objects:

A recent U.S. military policy decision now explicitly states that observations by hush-hush government spacecraft of incoming bolides and fireballs are classified secret and are not to be released, SPACE.com has learned.

I'd like to think they're trying to keep the location of orbiting platforms secret, but I know it's really a cover-up of a secret government program which has angered aliens previously posing as Gods who have sent a giant ball of explosives (posing as an asteroid) to wipe out our solar system and only an oddball team of four individuals (one carrying such an alien himself) can prevent the asteroid from hitting Earth by traveling to it and having their simple scheme fail while they'll still save the day with a more complex, 1 in a 1,000,000 chance scheme. Whew.

Mixed Nuts

Sometimes you end up at the strangest pages on Wikipedia:

Modifying words like "fancy" or "choice" have not historically carried any legal meaning in the United States, and they remain absent from the current regulations.[1] In a 1915 federal case against "fancy mixed nuts" that were argued by competitors to be an inferior grade, U. S. v. 25 Bags of Nuts, N. J. No. 4329 (1915), the court declined to accept a trade standard.

Most Useful Undergraduate Classes

Today I was thinking about how small the knowledge intersection has been between my undergraduate courses and my jobs. I made a list of all the classes I found directly useful at either of my two jobs, and it was shockingly small.

Classes I found useful at my previous, finance job (in order of usefulness):

1.  6.111 - Digital Design Lab / FPGA-based design lab
2.  6.001 - Intro to ComSci with LISP

Classes I've found useful at my current, graduate school job (in order of usefulness):

1.  6.111 - Digital Design Lab, or FPGA-based design lab
2.  6.004 - Computation Structures, or Build a CPU
3.  6.002 - Intro to Circuit Design
4.  17.477 - Technology and Policy of Weapons Systems
5.  6.001 - Intro to ComSci with LISP
6.  6.041 - Intro Probability

I think a lot of the other classes I took, such as the math classes and signal processing courses, have had a large impact on how I think and approach problems, but I haven't used this knowledge directly in my day to day life. I was shocked that 6.046, my algorithms course, isn't on the list. I haven't used any of the important concepts from 6.046 in either of my jobs. Just the other day I wrote a one-liner for bubble sort when I needed to sort data.

I'm not sure why there are so few classes on the lists, but I was thinking yesterday about why my design class, 6.111, was so high on both lists. I think it has to do with the design project, which was the first "real" design project I ever had. In 6.001, the programming introduction course, there was also a design project, but 6.001 worked on the principle of building up proven components. You wrote something and checked that it worked. Building bigger things meant building up the system one proven component at a time. When you were handed code, you read through and tested the code to check that it worked.

Unfortunately real life is more messy than this. Components are usually too complex to verify for yourself, and sometimes you have to work around interfaces that were designed for another task. My 6.111 project had to deal with these issues, along with the issues found in building up a proven and known system. My team created an electronic version of Labyrinth, the old tilting maze game wherein one tilts a board to guide a ball through a maze to a goal, avoiding hole traps along the way. Not only did we create a pretty big custom system, we also had to interface our system with a lot of 3rd party components, including tilt sensors, circuits that converted the tilt sensors into something understandable, a VGA controller and an LCD.

This was the first time that something I created had to work with sloppy, complex components. The components we interfaced with included complex but standard interfaces, like the LCD, and sloppy and non-standard ones, like the components written by the teaching assistants for the course. I still remember, four years on, that the tilt sensors could enter an error state during the read-out. This error state required a lot of hand-holding to work correctly. I also remember fighting for a week with the start-up sequence because of nuances with the timing.

It makes me sad that none of the theory courses I took actually have anything to do with my job, but the theory courses that I took don't really have much to do with anything. I indirectly use this theoretical knowledge every know and then, but rarely directly. Whenever I do digital circuit design, for example, my tools use the graph algorithms that I learned in 6.046, but this is abstracted away from me. I don't think I've used a single academic thing I learned in my senior year. What a waste of money. Sigh.

"He Thinks the Lavatory in his Cell is Fantastic"

Or so swoon Somali pirates about Dutch toilets.

I think civilized people have a different opinion.

Let's Really Be Equal Here

Insurance companies claim that women, especially child-bearing ones, use more health care than men, and hence pay higher premiums. Of course some people think this reason is non-sense, among them some law-makers introducing legislation to equalize the payments:

Senator John Kerry today introduced legislation that would improve health care benefits for women in the individual market by preventing insurers from charging them more, denying or limiting coverage based on their pregnancy status or delivery method, and ensuring comprehensive maternity coverage.

In related news, it was noticed that women live longer than men. Senator Kerry plans to fix this with a bill which would kill off specific women, equalizing the average lifetimes. He hasn't talked about his plans to equalize the "unmentionable parts of the human body."

Feeling Good About Being Stupid

I wish I had some people's tolerance for their own ignorance:

Second, we don't do a good enough job of teaching our students how to be productively stupid – that is, if we don't feel stupid it means we're not really trying...Focusing on important questions puts us in the awkward position of being ignorant.

Aside from the isolating nature of graduate school, constantly feeling stupid is probably the hardest thing to adapt to. I still haven't found a good way to focus in the face of infinite possibilities.

Oh, right, I read reddit to help me focus. Nevermind.

The Best Game on Graph Theory This Year

Sneeze!

Children are your future. Via NYTimes.

Quotes

I've been staring at colored polygons for the past month, so I don't have anything interesting to say. You know the stress is getting to you when you run across random quotes on the internet and they bounce around inside your head. Enjoy the memes...or, rather, let the memes enjoy you.




Since its foundation nearly two decades earlier, Nato had had its headquarters in France. Now Nato would have to move. Furthermore, de Gaulle added, it was his intention that all American service personnel should be removed from French soil. "Does that include," [Lyndon B] Johnson is said to have replied, "those buried in it?"

When I was in the military they gave me a medal for killing two men and a discharge for loving one.

My father told me I had three career options. I could be a doctor, an engineer or a failure.

...any competent programmer, if given a chance to learn on the job, can become productive in a new software technology within a few weeks... [FYI I strongly disagree with the spirit of this quote, though the meaning is a bit truthful]

We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness—-That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute a new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.

Life is good, everyone just overreacts. Even me.

Accidentally Posted

I seemed to have accidentally posted a draft before it was ready, I apologize to anyone who saw the post, "Firsts." It wasn't supposed to go up yet. Maybe in August.

(oops)

Ears Making Noise?

Did you know your ears make noise? And people want to use the noise as identification?

Called otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), the ear-generated sounds emanate from within the spiral-shaped cochlea in the inner ear. They are thought to be produced by the motion of hair cells within the outer part of the cochlea.

My hearing and speech class at MIT, 6.551, went over this phenomenon. Your ear contains an active amplifier that can also create sound. Under normal conditions the emissions are very pure tones that occur at frequencies specific to each ear. The 6.551 professors had a few interesting anecdotes about the OAEs - one knew a conductor who memorized the frequency of one of his OAEs, and used it for "perfect pitch."

IIRC, though, not everyone's ears have OAEs. Aside from the problems mentioned in the article above, the Wikipedia article goes over a few details that could hamper using OAEs for biometric passwords. Another, small issue is that your ears have different OAEs, so you'd have to calibrate any system for both ears.

Naturalization

I have been a bit surprised about the topics in my Dutch language courses. My previous foreign language courses were in high school, and American high schools avoid controversial topics. My Dutch courses tackle the difficult topics head-on. Our most recent lesson, "Are you married?", briefly went over some of the differences between marriage in the Netherlands and elsewhere. Weak English translation:

Dutch teacher: Do you have children?
Female student: No, after all I am not yet married.
Male teacher: Must you be married before you can have kids? Do you really need that? Is it really necessary?
Female student: Maybe not in the Netherlands, but in my society that is absolutely necessary.
Male teacher: What happens if a women is expecting a child while she isn't married?
Female student: Then you must immediately marry. Preferably with the father of the child.
...
Teacher: Not so long ago that also held for the Netherlands...the last 30 years, though, have seen many changes to marriage. People still marry, but frequently they'll live together first...You can also register with the government as "living together." Then you will be treated almost the same as if you are married, and it is a bit easier.
Another student: What is the difference between marriage and living together in the government's policy.
Teacher: That is indeed small, it is mostly the vows you've taken.

Aside from marriage, the book also goes over the population policy of the government, parties, alcohol, the police, and how the Dutch are friendly but difficult to know really well. I do not believe the policy on drugs is mentioned.

I'm not sure what to think about mentioning controversial topics with public opinions in the language course. They are only a small part of the course. I also think it is critical for immigrants to know about government policies and the values of the people. I think it is important that people make informed choices about where they live, the values of the people they live with, and what policies they support with their tax money. People are given a chance to share what their own country values during the discussion classes.

On the other hand, language courses are required for the spouses and other family members of any long-term immigrants. No one knows enough Dutch to explain the complex ideas behind the social values. It feels a bit like the government is forcing public opinion down the throats of minorities.

In the bigger picture, though, the language courses are one of the least controversial aspects of immigrating. Dutch law requires most new immigrants to watch a social orientation video containing gay men kissing and women on a crowded top-less beach. The video is so racy that an edited version of it was made specifically for Middle Eastern countries.

(I'm waiting for the sequel before I see it. I hear there is going to be an action sequence involving sheep)

Sleep Deprived Random Information

Dutch phrase that doesn't translate so well: krab mijn rug.